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VoltView already treats the import MPAN as the source of truth for what a site buys from the grid. This section explains what that meter is actually counting, so consumption, peak demand, and bill validation read the same way.

Energy and power

kWh, kW, kVA, kvarh, and power factor — the quantities on a commercial bill.

Demand and capacity

Maximum demand, MIC, load factor, and diversity across a portfolio.

What the meter is for

A kilowatt-hour is the energy used by 1,000 W running for one hour. That is the unit on an electricity bill. The meter does not store a list of appliances. It measures instantaneous voltage and current, multiplies them to get instantaneous power, and integrates that over time to energy. Traditional meters only keep a running total. Smart meters keep the same total and also store usage in settlement intervals (typically half-hourly in GB) and send it back to the supplier. That interval record is what makes time-of-use and day/night registers possible. A cumulative register alone cannot tell you when the energy was used.

How it sits in VoltView

Interval data and the register are not two truths. Over a clean period, the sum of interval kWh should match current reading − previous reading, after any billing multiplier.

Traditional vs smart

A smart read is still a register value. It is not a substitute for the interval series when you need a load curve or a peak.

How the meter is connected

Most VoltView sites are one of these. You do not need the wiring diagram; you do need to know which case you are in, because it changes the multiplier and the capacity. Whole-current meters are installed in the load circuit. CT-metered supplies step current (and on HV, voltage) down so the meter itself is a standard 5 A / 110–120 V instrument. The ratio is printed on the meter or the CT chamber, and again on the invoice.

What this is not

  • A catalogue of historic meter movements (induction discs, electrolytic cells, clock meters). Those are how older hardware worked. VoltView does not model them.
  • A field-test or calibration manual. Accuracy disputes go to the supplier and the meter operator, not into a VoltView correction factor.
  • Gas. Gas uses an MPRN, a correction factor, and a calorific value. That is a different conversion, documented on the invoice fields, not here.